How complement pathways generate C3b, anaphylatoxins and C5b–9; why endothelial injury is tissue-specific and what positive, negative and retracted clinical findings show.

October 9, 2026

Knowledge · Nutrition

Fungal β-glucans, Dectin-1, and trained innate immunity: molecular form and limits of clinical inference

Structure of β-(1→3)/(1→6)-glucans, Dectin-1 recognition, and cellular trained-immunity models; human studies of yeast and mushroom products, safety, and limits on extrapolating results.

October 9, 2026

Knowledge · General

The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Assembly, IL-1β, and the Limits of the Inflammaging Model

NLRP3 assembly, priming, K⁺ efflux, IL-1β/IL-18 maturation, and clinical evidence are considered separately. Inflammaging is not one sensor, and IL-1β blockade is not direct NLRP3 inhibition.

October 9, 2026

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The complement system: C3a, C5a and the boundary between protection and injury

Fungal β-glucans, Dectin-1, and trained innate immunity: molecular form and limits of clinical inference

The NLRP3 Inflammasome: Assembly, IL-1β, and the Limits of the Inflammaging Model