Telomere protection, DDR and p53–PGC connect genome status with mitochondrial energy. Shelterin, BER, mouse experiments, telomere disorders and the limits of intervention claims.

October 8, 2026

Knowledge · General

Mitochondrial DNA: damage, heteroplasmy and innate immunity

Mitochondrial-genome architecture, TFAM, mtROS, BER/POLG, deletions and tissue thresholds; ageing models, cGAS–STING/TLR9/NLRP3, mitophagy, biogenesis and the limits of mtDNA editing.

October 8, 2026

Knowledge · Supplements

Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ): Redox Chemistry, CREB–PGC-1α, and the Limits of Clinical Evidence

From a bacterial quinone cofactor and cellular mitochondrial biogenesis to cardiac and brain models, small human studies, and toxicological limits.

October 8, 2026