How composition and processing of cocoa change flavanol dosage, and how the gut and liver modify their chemical form. We analyze the endothelium and nitric oxide, the findings of FLAVIOLA and COSMOS, memory studies, and clinical limitations. We explain EFSA claim conditions, label reading, methylxanthines, and batch quality.
How epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) passes through the gut and changes in the body, how tea differs from extracts, and why laboratory mechanisms do not equate to clinical benefits. We analyze studies on energy expenditure, weight, lipids, glucose, oncology, and neurology with doses and effect sizes. We provide detailed information on liver injury, drug interactions, and the boundaries of independent use.
Polyphenols are a diverse group of plant compounds, not a single antioxidant drug. This overview explains their metabolism and microbiota, Nrf2 and the limits of cellular mechanisms, and research on vascular health, cocoa, berries, and resveratrol. We specifically address negative clinical outcomes, risks of concentrated catechins, and practical dietary choices.