The chemistry of two stilbenes, conjugation and free aglycone, conditional SIRT1 allostery, the indirect PDE–AMPK pathway, clinical markers, and safety boundaries.
From berry composition and lignan stereochemistry to chaperones, mitochondrial glutathione, Nrf2, and neuroendocrine hypotheses: human research, standardization, and drug interactions.
An in-depth account of plant-derived levodopa: seed composition, intestinal transport and the blood–brain barrier, AADC and VMAT2, dopamine pathways, prolactin, Parkinson’s and infertility studies, standardization and interactions. Human findings are distinguished from cellular and animal models.
Detailed analysis of EGb 761 composition, PAF antagonism, erythrocyte rheology, endothelial NO and mitochondrial mechanisms. Clinical data on dementia, tinnitus, Raynaud's and glaucoma are compared with model limitations, interactions and specialist practice.
A detailed examination of bacoside chemistry, proposed biotransformation, serotonin and cholinergic pathways, hippocampal plasticity, and actual human trials. Doses and formulations are related to outcomes, separating cell and animal mechanisms from clinical benefit and safety.